CAT 2022 Slot 1 — VARC Question 21
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
It’s not that modern historians of medieval Africa have been ignorant about contacts between Ethiopia and Europe; they just had the power dynamic reversed. The traditional narrative stressed Ethiopia as weak and in trouble in the face of aggression from external forces, so Ethiopia sought military assistance from their fellow Christians to the north. But the real story, buried in plain sight in medieval diplomatic texts, simply had not yet been put together by modern scholars. Recent research pushes scholars of medieval Europe to imagine a much more richly connected medieval world: at the beginning of the so-called Age of Exploration, there is evidence that the kings of Ethiopia were sponsoring their own missions of diplomacy, faith and commerce.
Answer & solution
- A
Historians were under the illusion that Ethiopia needed military protection from their neighbours, but in fact the country had close commercial and religious connections with them.
Medieval texts have been ‘cherry-picked’ to promote a view of Ethiopia as weak and in need of Europe’s military help with aggressive neighbours, but recent studies reveal it was a well-connected and outward-looking culture.
- C
Medieval historical sources selectively promoted the narrative that powerful European forces were called on to protect weak African civilisations such as Ethiopia, but this is far from reality.
- D
Medieval texts have documented how strong connections between the Christian communities of Ethiopia and Europe were invaluable in establishing military and trade links between the two civilisations.
Easy
Summary question on medieval Ethiopia. The passage's twist: historians weren't ignorant — they reversed the power dynamic, casting Ethiopia as weak and seeking European help, when recent research shows Ethiopia was a connected, outward-looking power that sponsored its own missions. The right summary keeps both the "misread/cherry-picked narrative" and the "outward-looking" correction.
Says historians "were under the illusion." But the passage stresses historians created the reversed narrative — they had the dynamic wrong, not that they were innocently deceived; and it misframes the correction as merely "commercial and religious connections with them [neighbours]." Weaker — wrong.
"Medieval texts have been 'cherry-picked' to promote a view of Ethiopia as weak... but recent studies reveal it was a well-connected and outward-looking culture." Captures the selective old narrative and the new outward-looking finding. Correct.
Stops at "powerful European forces protected weak Africa... but this is far from reality." Misses the key positive point that Ethiopia was an outward-looking, self-sponsoring power. Incomplete — wrong.
Claims the texts show "strong connections... invaluable in establishing military and trade links." That re-asserts the old (mistaken) reading rather than the correction. Contradicts the passage — wrong.
Option B — cherry-picked "weak Ethiopia" narrative vs. the real well-connected, outward-looking culture.