CAT 2023 Slot 1QA Question 7

Profit & LossEasy

Gita sells two objects A and B at the same price such that she makes a profit of 20% on object A and a loss of 10% on object B. If she increases the selling price such that objects A and B are still sold at an equal price and a profit of 10% is made on object B, then the profit made on object A will be nearest to

Answer & solution

  • A

    49%

  • B

    42%

  • C

    45%

  • 47%

Solution

Easy

Anchor everything to the (equal) selling price. From the first sale, recover the two cost prices via the +20%+20\% and 10%-10\% markups. Then set BB's new price to give +10%+10\% profit; since AA and BB still sell at the same price, that same price applied to AA's cost gives AA's new profit.

Pick the common first selling price as 108108 (a convenient multiple of both 1.21.2 and 0.90.9) so the cost prices come out whole.

1

Back out the cost prices from selling price =108=108:

CPA=1081.20=90,CPB=1080.90=120\text{CP}_A=\frac{108}{1.20}=90,\qquad \text{CP}_B=\frac{108}{0.90}=120
2

New common selling price is set so BB earns +10%+10\%:

SPnew=120×1.10=132\text{SP}_{\text{new}}=120\times1.10=132
3

Profit on AA at this new price (its cost is still 9090):

1329090×100%=4290×100%=46.6%47%\frac{132-90}{90}\times100\%=\frac{42}{90}\times100\%=46.\overline{6}\%\approx 47\%
profit on A47%(option d)\text{profit on }A\approx\mathbf{47\%}\quad\text{(option d)}

Ratio of the costs is fixed: CPA:CPB=11.2:10.9=3:4\text{CP}_A:\text{CP}_B=\tfrac{1}{1.2}:\tfrac{1}{0.9}=3:4. With the same SP on both, AA's margin factor is 1.1×CPBCPA=1.1×43=4.431.467\tfrac{1.1\times \text{CP}_B}{\text{CP}_A}=1.1\times\tfrac43=\tfrac{4.4}{3}\approx1.467, i.e. about 47%47\% profit.

CAT 2023 Slot 1 QA Q7: Gita sells two objects A and B at the same price such that she makes a profit of 20% on object A and a loss of — Solution | TheCATExam