XAT 2018 — VARC Question 14
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Labor and capital are the opposite poles of capitalist society. This polarity begins in each enterprise and is realized on a national and even international scale as a giant duality of classes which dominates the social structure. And yet this polarity is incorporated in a necessary identity between the two. Whatever its form, whether as money or commodities or means of production, capital is labor: it is labor that has been performed in the past, the objectified product of preceding phases of the cycle of production which becomes capital only through appropriation by the capitalist and its use in the accumulation of more capital. At the same time, as living labor which is purchased by the capitalist to set the production process into motion, labor is capital. That portion of money capital which is set aside for the payment of labor, the portion which in each cycle is converted into living labor power, is the portion of capital which stands for and corresponds to the
working population, and upon which the latter subsists. Before it is anything else, therefore, the working class is the animate part of capital, the part which will set in motion the process that
yields to the total capital its increment of surplus value. As such, the working class is first of all, raw material for exploitation. This working class lives a social and political existence of its own,
outside the direct grip of capital. It protests and submits, rebels or is integrated into bourgeois society, sees itself as a class or loses sight of its own existence, in accordance with the forces that act upon it and the moods, conjunctures, and conflicts of social and political life. But since, in its permanent existence, it is the living part of capital, its occupational structure, modes of work,
and distribution through the industries of society are determined by the ongoing processes of the accumulation of capital. It is seized, released, flung into various parts of the social machinery and expelled by others, not in accord with its own will or self-activity, but in accord with the movement of capital.
Read the following statements and answer the questions that follow:
- But its most advanced formulation is called superstring theory, which even predicts the precise number of dimensions: ten.
- However, the theory has already swept across the major physics research laboratories of the world and has irrevocably altered the scientific landscape of modern physics, generating a staggering number of research papers in the scientific literature (over 5,000 by one count).
- Scientifically, the hyperspace theory goes by the names of Kaluza-Klein theory and supergravity.
- The usual three dimensions of space (length, width, and breadth) and one of time are now extended by six more spatial dimensions.
- We caution that the theory of hyperspace has not yet been experimentally confirmed and would, in fact, be exceedingly difficult to prove in the laboratory.
Rank the above five statements so as to make it a logical sequence:
Answer & solution
3, 1, 4, 5, 2
- B
3, 4, 1, 5, 2
- C
5, 1, 4, 3, 2
- D
3, 1, 4, 2, 5
- E
2, 5, 3, 1, 4
It can be seen that [3] begins the passage by introducing the topic – hyperspace theory. It is then followed by [1], which states that its most advanced formulation is called the superstring theory. [4] comes next as it states the specific details of the dimensions of the superstring theory. Thus, we get the 314 set. Now, [5] states that ‘the theory of hyperspace has not yet been experimentally confirmed’ and [2] follows up by mentioning the other side of the argument that ‘…the theory has already swept across the major physics research laboratories’. Thus, 52 is a pair. This pair can only be placed after the 314 set. Thus we get the sequence 31452.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.