CAT 2020 Slot 3 — VARC Question 23
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
The dominant hypotheses in modern science believe that language evolved to allow humans to exchange factual information about the physical world. But an alternative view is that language evolved, in modern humans at least, to facilitate social bonding. It increased our ancestors’ chances of survival by enabling them to hunt more successfully or to cooperate more extensively. Language meant that things could be explained and that plans and past experiences could be shared efficiently.
1. From the belief that humans invented language to process factual information, scholars now think that language was the outcome of the need to ensure social cohesion and thus human survival.
2. Since its origin, language has been continuously evolving to higher forms, from being used to identify objects to ensuring human survival by enabling our ancestors to bond and cooperate.
3. Most believe that language originated from a need to articulate facts, but others think it emerged from the need to promote social cohesion and cooperation, thus enabling human survival.
4. Experts are challenging the narrow view of the origin of language, as being merely used to describe facts and label objects, to being necessary to promote more complex interactions among humans.
Answer & solution
Answer: 3
Easy
Pin the two contrasting views in the passage, then keep the option that preserves the contrast accurately and rejects ones that distort the relationship or invent a chronology.
Central idea. Two coexisting views of why language evolved: the dominant view — to exchange factual information about the world; and an alternative view — to facilitate social bonding and cooperation, aiding survival. The passage presents them side by side, not as a sequence.
Option 1 — distorts. “From the belief… scholars now think” turns two simultaneous views into a replacement over time. The passage does not say the factual view was abandoned. Eliminate.
Option 2 — adds. “Continuously evolving to higher forms” invents an evolutionary progression that the passage never asserts. Eliminate.
Option 3 — accurate. “Most believe… but others think” keeps both the dominant-versus-alternative contrast and the survival link, without imposing time order. Keep.
Option 4 — distorts. “Experts are challenging” frames it as an attack on the old view, which the passage does not claim; it also drops the survival point. Eliminate.
The best summary is option 3.